Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Research Summary
It’s estimated that nearly 30 percent of the 38.2 million people aged 65 or older in this country receive some form of caregiving, either for health reasons or to help manage daily activities. More than 65 percent of these older individuals rely on family members, friends, and even neighbors for assistance with things like preparing meals, bathing, taking medications, and getting transportation.
Caregiving is a significant public health topic because it affects the health and well-being of both the older adult and his or her caregivers. Recently, a team of researchers examined the various characteristics of people who serve as unpaid caregivers. They also estimated how many people serve in this capacity. The researchers took note of the health-related tasks the caregivers provided, as well as how caregiving affected care providers. The researchers published their findings in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
Using information from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving, the researchers reported that:
- The largest number of caregivers took care of older adults without dementia or a disability.
- Adult children were the largest group of caregivers.
- Many caregivers limited their participation in social activities, such as visiting family and friends or going out for enjoyment, due to caregiving responsibilities.
- Fewer than 5 percent of caregivers attended support groups. A little over 6 percent of caregivers received training, and only about 13 percent used respite care (temporary care sometimes arranged at a healthcare facility to provide short-term relief for a caregiver). The highest proportion of people using these services cared for people with both dementia and disability.
The researchers also explored unique ways that caregivers described their experiences:
| How caregiving affected caregivers | Caregivers for older adults without dementia or disability | Caregivers for older adults with dementia but no disability |
| Reported symptoms of depression or anxiety | 10% | 19% |
| Rated their (caregiver’s) health as fair or poor | Nearly 20% | Approximately 25% |
| Reported caregiver burden (experienced as physical, emotional or financial hardships) | Nearly 50% | Approximately 66% |
| Dedicated significant time to caring for an older adult | 12 hours per week | 30 hours per week |
Caregivers helped with a wide range of tasks, said the researchers. They not only helped with household chores like shopping, housekeeping, and transportation but also with many health-related activities, such as making doctor appointments, ordering medicines, and assisting with diet and dental care.
The more healthcare tasks caregivers provided, the higher their risk for burden and for decreasing their involvement in social activities.
According to the researchers, although most caregivers who assisted with health-related care experienced caregiver burden, only a small minority used support services, including caregiver training, respite care, and support groups. These findings suggest the importance of evaluating the needs and capabilities of all caregivers assisting older adults, not just those who are typically thought of as high-risk. The researchers also suggested that it is also essential that we explore and implement strategies that support caregivers.
This summary is from “Family and Other Unpaid Caregivers and Older Adults with and without Dementia and Disability.” It appears online ahead of print in the April 2017 issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. The study authors are Catherine Riffin, PhD; Peter H. Van Ness, PhD, MPH; Jennifer L. Wolff, PhD; and Terri Fried, MD.