Research suggests that depression is linked to lack of balance in the brain’s chemistry. Depression may also run in families.

Depression that starts in later life often relate to life events, such as:

• The death of a relative or friend
• The loss of a job or retirement
• Loneliness and social isolation from a range of causes (such as limited mobility or hearing loss)
• A hospitalization or placement in a nursing facility
• Chronic illness, disability, or other stresses

Medical problems that are associated with a higher risk of depression are:

• Thyroid disorders
• Some vitamin deficiencies
• Alcohol or drug misuse 
• Heart disease or diabetes 
• Side effects of medications (such as drugs for high blood pressure or Parkinson’s disease, sedatives, corticosteroids, and hormones)
• Cancer or other major illnesses
• Long-term pain
• Difficulty getting restful sleep

Usually, a combination of problems exists. 

Last Updated February 2023