The risk of some health problems increases after menopause.

Heart Disease and Osteoporosis

Two diseases increase after menopause in women.

• Heart disease: It is the leading cause of death among women.
• Osteoporosis, or thinning of the bones, and the risk of broken bones. This can lead to disability, and sometimes to time in a nursing home. 

Vaginal and Uterine Problems 

Vaginal Atrophy

Vaginal atrophy is thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls. Dryness can be a signal of atrophy and make having sex painful. Atrophy can also cause itching or stinging in the lower vagina and increase the risk of vaginal infections. 

A healthcare provider may recommend topical drugs that release estrogen in the vagina over time.

Uterine Prolapse

Women may have uterine prolapse. This happens when the cervix or uterus are pushed outside the body through the vaginal opening, causing a feeling of heaviness and trouble passing urine or stool. Prolapse can cause:

• Pelvic and back pain
• Bladder and bowel problems, including loss of control

Treatments for prolapse include:

• Exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles
• Inserting a pessary, which is a ring-like device that fits into the vagina and helps keep the cervix or uterus in place
• Surgery for severe prolapse

Skin Problems of the Vagina/Vulva

A woman can have skin problems with their vagina and vulva, such as itching or burning. Often, this can be treated with creams containing estrogen, steroids, or antifungal medications.

Leakage of urine can irritate the skin of the vagina and vulva. Exposure to urine can make this worse.

Strategies to help protect the skin and reduce irritation include:

• Wearing cotton underwear
• Avoiding soaps, lotions, and other products with fragrances or other allergens
• Taking an antihistamine to help reduce itching
• Wearing cotton gloves at night to prevent scratching during sleep

Last Updated April 2023